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Artificial Intelligence — Complete Course Notes (BCA 7th Sem)

Comprehensive master lecture notes covering state space search, A* heuristic algorithms, Minimax, First Order Logic, Neural Networks, and NLP.

Artificial Intelligence · CACS401 · Semester 7

BCA Curriculum 2079

Unit 2•Unit 2 of 4

Unit 2: 1. What is Artificial Intelligence?

Artificial Intelligence is the branch of computer science focused on building intelligent systems capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as visual perception, natural language understanding, reasoning, and game playing.

Four Approaches to AI:

  1. Thinking Humanly: The cognitive modeling approach (replicating human mind processes).
  2. Acting Humanly: The Turing Test approach (indistinguishable human imitation).
  3. Thinking Rationally: The "laws of thought" approach (Aristotelian syllogistic logic).
  4. Acting Rationally: The rational agent approach (maximizing expected utility in an environment).

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  • Which of the following is an invalid variable name in C? (a) _salary (b) 1st_rank (c) total_sum (d) age2objective · 1 marks
  • What is the return type of the `malloc()` function in C? (a) `int*` (b) `char*` (c) `void*` (d) `float*`objective · 1 marks
  • Explain the difference between call by value and call by reference in C with suitable code snippets.short · 5 marks
  • What is recursion? Write a recursive function in C to calculate the factorial of a positive integer.short · 5 marks
  • Explain dynamic memory allocation in C. Differentiate between `malloc()` and `calloc()`. Write a C program to dynamically allocate memory for N integers, sort them in ascending order, and free the memory.long · 10 marks
  • What is the worst-case time complexity of Quick Sort algorithm? (a) O(n) (b) O(n log n) (c) O(n^2) (d) O(log n)objective · 1 marks

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